1.
Linseed Cake As A Protein Source In Broiler Rations
by Sultan Mahmood | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0081,T] (1).
2.
Nutritional Evaluation Of Rapeseed Meal (Canola Variety) For Poultry
by Ihsan Elahi, M | Muhammed Yaqoob malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0335,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Alkali (Lime And Sodium Hydroxide) Treatment On The Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw In Sahiwal Calves
by Ashfaq Ahmad | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | NIsar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0059,T] (1).
4.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Oil Meal In Broiler Rations
by Naseem Anwer | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0067,T] (1).
5.
Urea As A Protein Substitute In The Pattening Of Sheep Under Feed Lot System
by Jamil Basra, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0070,T] (1).
6.
The Effect Of Different Feed Incredients As A Predisposing Factor Of Hydropericardium Syndrome In Broiler
by Amer Habib | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0072,T] (1).
7.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Meal As Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0073,T] (1).
8.
Studies On The Effects Of Processing Temperatures On The Nutritive Value Of Sunflower Meal For Poultry Feeding
by Tariq, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Nawaz Asgher | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0084,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Urea Treatment On The Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw In The Fattening Of Buffalo Calves
by Ajmal Javed | Muhammed Yoob Malikaq | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0278,T] (1).
10.
Effect Of By Pass Fat On The Performance Of Indegenous Cross Bred Dairy Cattle
by Iqbal Shahid, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The performance of liverstock is largely affected by their level of energy intake. To increase milk quantity and quality energy dense ingredient i.e "By Pass Fat" (priplus prime manufactured by UNICHEMA. Pvt, Australia was included in the ration of dairy animals to determine its effect on the productive performance of indigenous cross-bred dairy lactating cattle.
For this purpose 12 cross bread (Freisian x Sahiwal) cows in early lactation period, of almost similar lactation number, milk production and body weight were randomly selected and divided into three group (A, B & C) comprising of 4 animals each.
Three concentrates were prepared in such a way to have 16% C.P & 1.37 Mcal/Kg M.E Concentrate I was taken as control. 10% "By Pass Fat" was incorporated in concentrate II which was isocalorics & isonitrogenous to concentrate I and 500gm "By Pass Fat" per animal per day along with concentrate I was supplemented in ration Ill. These three concentrate I, II & Ill were fed to the animals of group A, B & C respectively.
The average total milk production of the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were recorded 4478.79, 4663.42 & 4663.39 litter respectively, where as the average total feed consumed by the animals of group A, B & C was 13307, 13121 & 13128.5 Kg. respectively.
The best feed efficiency (2.81) of animals of groups B & C fed rations II & Ill, where as the poor feed utilization (2.97) was observed in the animal of control group (A). The average total weight gained by the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were 43, 54 & 89 Kg. respectively.
The results thus obtained showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the weight gain, milk production, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the animals of groups B and C fed ration II (10% "By Pass Fat") and ration Ill (additional supplementary feeding of 500 gms by pass fat) as compared to the animals of group A fed ration I (control).
However, there was non significant difference in the milk production, weight gain & feed utilization of the animals of group B & C fed ration II & Ill containing 10% "By Pass Fat" and 500gm additional supplementary feeding of "By Pass Fat" over above recomended nutrient requirements in the ration of dairy cattle. The data an milk composition showed nonsignificant effect in the milk of the animals fed different experimental rations.
There was 4% increase in the milk production of the animals fed ration containing 10% "By Pass Fat" as compared to the milk production of the animals fed ration containing no "By Pass Fat". -
Possibly this might be because of lower genetic potential of the animals.
Therefore "By Pass Fat" proved better source of energy as compared to Carbonecious ingredinets.
An additional supplementary feeding of 500 gm "By Pass Fat" over & above the recommended nutrient requirement in the rations of dairy animals did not show any increase in the milk production of the animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0220,T] (1).
11.
Study On Mineral Imbalances In Crossbred And Nondescript Cattle On Pakistan
by Sharif Saghar, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Minerals are the essential nutrients having significant role in the animal nutrition because of both their excess and deficiency produce detrimental effect en the productive and reproductive performance of the animals. In the present study the levels of macro and micro mineral elements were studied in crossbred and non-descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country. For this purpose M6 blood samples from both the local breeds been' randomly collected from districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sargodha, Jhang, Faisalabad, Okara and Sahiwal of Punjab province and Karachi , Hyderabad and Tharparkar of Sind province. These areas were included in the study because of higher population of dairy cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different classes of cattle i.e.. calves, heifers, dry pregnant and lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from the blood samples. Ser4Jm samples were analysed f or calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron. Sodium and potassium were analysed on flame photometer while calcium magnesium, 7)n4 copper, manganese and iron were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Double beam spectrophotometer was used for the estimation of phosphorus. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using complete randomize design arid the differences in the means were tested using DMR test.
The mean values of serum minerals in crossbred cattle of Punjab province were Calcium 7.04 mg/100ml, phosphorus 2.94 mg/100 ml, sodium 125.17 meq/L, potassium 4.67 meq/t, magnesium 2.49 mg/100 ml, zinc 0.81 ppm, copper 0.69 ppm, manganese 0.45 ppm and iron 1.26 ppm. Highly significant difference (P<0.0l) in the values of serum minerals of crossbred cattle were found among districts while difference among various classes of crossbred cattle were non significant (P>0.05). The mean values far non descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces were, calcium 6.83 mg/100 ml phosphoras 2.83 mg/100 ml. sodium 130.10 meq/L, potassium 4.96 meq/L.. magnesium 2.55 mg/ 100 ml, zinc 0.86 ppm, copper- 0.72 ppm, manganese 0.47 ppm and iron 1.32 ppm.. Highly significant difference (P<0.01) was found among various classes in different districts of Punjab and Sind province. The variation in the mineral status of the animals under study might be due to many factors Like breed of animals, plane of feeding practices, composition of soil, source and supply of water and climatic conditions of the region etc.
The serum mineral values observed f or crossbred and non--descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country were relatively lower than the exotic breeds reported in the literature. While comparing the serum mineral values of crossbred with non-descript cattle, lower values for most of the minerals were found in crossbred cattle except calcium and phosphorus.
Severe deficiency of serum phosphorus, zinc and copper was observed in both breeds of cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country, while a mild deficiency of serum sodium and manganese was recorded. Crossbred animals were found more prone to mineral deficiencies as compared with the non-descript animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0255,T] (1).
12.
Studies On Rate Of Passage Of Ingesta And Digestibility Of Nutrients In Nili Ravi Buffalo, Sahiwal And Crossbred Cattle
by Ghulam Hussain Jaffar | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The project was planned to study the rate of passage of ingesta from the alimentary tract and digestibility of various nutrients in Buffalo, Sahiwal and cross-bred (Fresian x Sahiwal) calves. The rate of flow of irigesta through the digestive tract determins the rate of digestion of feed. The present investigation was an attempt to compare the flow rate of ingesta and digestibility of nutrients in Buffalo, Sahiwal andeross-bred calves.
The digestion trial was conducted on 4 buffalo, 4 Sahiwal & 4 cross-bred calves. Measurement of rate of passage of ingesta in the animals was made during 10 days after feeding of experimental ration containing stained wheat straw. Each calf was fed with a portion of the stained wheat straw (with 1% crystal voilet) - at the rate of 4% of their daily D.M intake. The collection of the faeces was initiated from the time of feeding to 14 hour post feeding, then at B hourly intervals during the next three days, at 8 hourly intervals for following 3 days, at 12 hourly interval during 7th and 8th day and at 18 hourly interval during the last 2 days. Stained particles were counted in each 2.5 gm of faeces obtained at each sampling period. With the help of sterioscope, the numbers of stained particles per sampling period were calculated and expressed as a percentage of total number of particles excreted during 242 hours of experimental period. The samples of ration and faeces voided were chemically analysed on D.M basis for crude protein, 'crude fibre, ether extract and mineral matter for digestibility studies.
At 14 hours post feeding of the animals 79, 325 and 239 with mean value of 19.75 ± 3.4, 81.25 ± 3.42 and 59.75 ± 5.12 total stained particles were voided in the faeces by Buffalo, Sahiwal and cross-bred calves respectively. The excretion rate of stained particles increased sharply upto 38 hours in Buffalo Calves (18.14%) 20 hours in Sahiwal calves 20.08% and 32 hours in cross-bred calves (16.81%) and it gradually decreased to 0.00% at 242 hours in all the species of animals. The rate of passage of ingesta through the alimentary tract of all species was highly significant (p<0.0l) up to 56th hour post feeding and was no significant thereafter.
Retention time of ingesta was more in Buffalo than Sahiwal and cross-bred cattle. However cross-bred had more retention time of ingesta than Sahiwal animals.
The dry matter and other nutrient - digestibility was more in Buffalo than other two species. However, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract was non-significant among different species of animals. Where as the digestibility of crude fibre, ether extract and mineral matter was significantly (p<0.01) more in buffalo than Sahiwal and cross bred cattle. The TDN value was also signficantly (p<0.0l) more in buffalo than Sahiwal and cross-bred cattle.
The longer retention of ingesta in buffalo as compared with Sahiwal and cross-bred cattlemight be responsible for more digestion of the nurtrients of the ingested feed in buffalo.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0331,T] (1).
13.
Studies On The Chick Growth Inhibition Of Rapeseed Meal
by Zaboor Khan, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Rapeseed meal is one of the by-products of the oil industry obtained after the extraction of oil, generally by expeller method. The meal i. a good source of vegetable protein which could be incorporated in different poultry feeds. The use of rapeseed meal as a vegetable protein source in poultry feeds is limited due to its growth inhabitary effects. The meal contains a sulfur containing glucoside called 'Goitrin' which during digestion by an endogenous enzyme, 'myrosinase'is hydrolyzed to volatile, 'isothiocyanate', an antinutritional factor for poultry.
The present study was designed to determine the effect of growth-inhabiting factor in indigenous rapeseed meal on the growing chicks and to improve its nutritive value for poultry feeding, through different mechanical and chemical treatments like solvent extraction, autoclaving, water treatment and ferrous sulphate treatment.
For this purpose two experiments were designed. In both the experiments day old 'Indian Rivers" broiler chicks were used as experimental animals. In the first experiment effect of feeding different levels of rapeseed meal on the growth rate, feed consumption and feed utilization of the chicks were determined. Effects of rapeseed meal on the internal organs, dressed weight and dressing percentage of the chicks were also studied.
Feeding different levels of untreated rapeseed meal in lieu of soybean meal in 1st experiment showed non-significant differences in weight gain, feed utilization, dressed weight, dressing percentage and weights of internal organs amongst the groups and replicates except the thyroid gland. This might be on account of the lower content of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate the antinutritional factor present in the indigenous rapeseed meal. However, there was a slight depression in the growth rate of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal.
It was observed that feeding of rapeseed meal at more than JLO% of the ration significantly increased (P/O.OJ) the weight of thyroid glands. There was almost a proportionate increase in the weight of thyroid glands of the chicks fed rations with increasing levels of rapeseeed meal.
The second experiment was designed to study the effect of different mechanical and chemical treatments on the nutritive value of rapeseed meal. For this purpose, 'apeseed meal after autoclaving, solvent extraction, water and ferrous sulphate treatments was incorporated at 20% level in the experimental rations.
The treatments of the meal did not improve the weight gains, feed utilization and dressed weight of the chicks as compared with untreated rapeseed meal. This might be due to the reason that the indigenous rapeseed meal contained a lower level of glucosinolate, the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition in chicks and thus the effect of different treatments to reduce the level of the glucosinolate of the meal was not significant. There was, rather more depression in growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing water treated rapeseed meal. This might be attributed to the formation of more toxic compounds during the microbial fermentation in water treatment of the meal.
Conclusion
Results of the experiments indicated almost a proportionate decrease in the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal. However, there was no significant difference in the weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks, fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meals.
There was no effect of different mechanical or chemical treatments of rapeseed meal on its nutritive value except water treatment, which, rather produced adverse effects on the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks. This might be due to the fact that the indigenous meal contained a lower level of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate' the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition of the chicks.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the present study it is recommended that rapeseed meal upto a level of 10% could be incorporated in broiler rations without impairing the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0273,T] (1).
